To date, there have been three prevention models to control the spread of HIV through the community of injecting drug users: a supply reduction model to focus on drug control and law enforcement, and a demand reduction model to focus on drug use. rehabilitation for addicts, and harm reduction models.
The harm reduction model involves implementing a service package with the goal of reducing immediate risks for injecting drug users, while also providing programs for long-term behavior change. These services include elements of prevention, treatment, and communication/education. According to the World Health Organization, a complete harm reduction model should include:
+ Needle and syringe exchange program
Drug-dependent treatment
+ HIV counseling and testing
+ HIV treatment and care
Information, education, and risk reduction consulting
Distributing condoms and managing sexually transmitted diseases
Management of tuberculosis and hepatitis C
These strategies are implemented through advocacy, advocacy and support for HIV harm reduction services. The organization has two parallel goals at the regional and country-specific levels, to create a close cooperation link in Southeast Asia in the implementation of HIV prevention and at the same time to support and propagate strategic program on HIV at national level. The five countries that HAARP is targeting are Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, China and Vietnam, with a research program in the Philippines and a Technical Assistance Unit in Thailand. The transnational issues that HAARP is focusing on addressing include: propaganda of harm reduction models to prevent HIV transmission through drugs, different harm reduction measures in research to reduce the impact of drugs. gender differences and other risk groups, promote legal education to create a strong foundation for the implementation of harm reduction programs such as needle exchange or the establishment of methadone center.
China
China is estimated to have the largest number of injecting drug users (IDUs) in the world with 2.40 million people. Adult HIV infection in China accounts for 0.1% of the population and these patients account for 12.3% of the total number of IDUs in the country. With 31 branches operating in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, HAARP China is aiming to expand and further develop harm reduction services in the southern provinces with various activities. First of all, it is necessary to strengthen the synthesis of research on multi-regional test results, then to increase the management and technical work as well as to provide harm reduction program packages to address the needs of the patients. demand in the area. Since 2010, 44 needle exchange programs have been launched under the supervision of HAARP. As a result, the number of IDUs benefiting from HAARP's harm reduction program increased from 6,900 in 2009 to 8,000 in 2011.
Myanmar
Since 2008, there are an estimated 75,000 users of direct injection in Myanmar, 91.7% of them using heroin, the remainder being narcotics extracted from the poppy plant. . The worrying figures are a result of the poppy industry that is flourishing in Myanmar, second only to Afghanistan. HIV-infected adults account for 0.6% of the population and account for 36.3% of IDUs, one of the highest numbers in the world. HAARP is supporting 10 branches in Myanmar with the goal of radically increasing outreach activities to uncover the gender link surrounding HIV infection, improve management community-level infections and strengthen the country's cooperation with regional HAARP units to create a unified operating bloc. Currently, HAARP programs in Myanmar have reached 6,000 UCDs. Local HAARP programs have also begun recruiting female staff in outreach activities. The results show that the above work is very effective in approaching female UCDs.
Philippines
The HAARP unit in the Philippines is considered the smallest in the region. This unit includes a research program located in Manila with responsibility for establishing a profile of IDUs related to HIV transmission and harm in the country. The research program also aims to design educational programs for specific target groups appropriate to the local culture.
Cambodia
The spread of HIV among adults in Cambodia in 2007 fell to just 0.9%; however, the HIV infection rate among IDUs is still high at 22.8%. HAARP has implemented the Cambodia National Program with the central goal of expanding access to prevention services and activities to people who use drugs. At the same time, the organization also aims to create an environment that supports HIV prevention and treatment for individuals who use drugs, and then expands the size of groups working on the issue of drugs. addiction and HIV/AIDS. With the cooperation of three international NGOs and local partners, the above program has been able to provide health care services and psychological counseling to people who use opioids around the world. Street. Not only that, the Drug Supply Program launched in 2010, has called for 107 members in July 2011, 20% of which are women.
Laos
Although there are no specific data on the number of drug users in Laos, the United Nations PCAIDs estimated that there were around 5,500 people living with HIV in 2008 with an infection rate. Infection in adults is 0.2%. HARRP is targeting the fight against HIV transmission in IDU rates through a broad network of need-based harm reduction services, in particular those that provide IEC tools to users. substance use, outreach activities for specific target groups as well as capacity building for the State and the community in reducing harm caused by drug use. The program has begun to use a step-by-step approach to expanding HIV testing results, while the Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) Program has been launched in Hua Phan and Phong Xa Li provinces in 2010. A National Task Force on HIV and Drugs was established shortly thereafter to link systems to build and strengthen harm reduction services.
Vietnam
In 2008, in Vietnam, there were about 290,000 people living with the HIV epidemic, 33.8% of which used drugs. The Vietnam National Program and the Community Needle and Needle Supply Program are two organizations that have received financial support from HAARP. The Vietnam National Program aims to prevent the spread of HIV among drug users in three countries
The Community Needle and Syringe Program has partnered with DKT, which is a social marketing company with the goal of providing an economical sterile needle and contraceptive product distribution system. The project has been implemented in three southern provinces: Dong Thap, Long An and Kien Giang to create a safe working environment, develop a variety of contraceptive products, and establish a distribution system such as an affiliate. DKT salespeople, provincial distributors, teachers and consultants with drug users, and ultimately provide training and outreach through group discussion, distribution of leaflets and story books. Although in the process of reaching people in remote areas, there are still many difficulties as well as limited equipment to ensure distribution, but the project has achieved remarkable success in distributing a a large number of needles and to encourage provincial and city governments to strengthen education work.